The Meaning of Ruh in the View of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
(A Critical Study in Understanding Islamic Psychology)
Abstract
The spirit is an important substance in the study of psychology, but the dimension of the spirit in the era of modern psychology has been abandoned because it only assesses humans as a machine consisting of cells, nerves, and flesh without a spirit. This paper aims to examine the meaning of the spirit from Fakhr al-Din al-Razi's perspective. By using a descriptive-analytical method, this study finds several important points. Firstly, al-Razi mentions the spirit of Jauhar Basith Mujarrad as a means of human life that is in a deeper dimension than the human being itself. Second, ruh is substantially different from nafs. Third, although substantially different, both have a definite relationship to the body. Fourth, the spirit is always connected to the mīthāq and human nature that has been witnessed when the spirit is blown into the body. Fifth, the happiness of the spirit al-Saadah al-Ruhaniah is the true happiness.
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